|
The Radio Materiel School (RMS), operated by the United States Navy, was the first electronics training facility of America’s military organizations. During the 1920s and 1930s, it produced the core of senior maintenance specialists for the Navy’s communication equipment that “paved the way to United States world leadership in electronics.”〔Chester W. Nimitz, “Introduction,” in Howeth, Linwod S.; ''History of Communications-Electronics in the United States Navy''; Gov. Printing Office, 1963; http://earlyradiohistory.us/1963hwin.htm〕 ==Background== Although Guglielmo Marconi demonstrated Morse-code radio communication to the U.S. Navy in late 1899, it was two years before the decision was made to adopt this technology. At that time, Chief Electricians James H. Bell and William C. Bean were sent to Europe to examine available equipment and its operation and maintenance, thereby becoming the first radio technicians in the U.S. Navy. The Navy purchased its first communication sets from foreign manufacturers, but these were soon replaced with American products.〔Howeth, ''op. cit.'', Ch. III & IV; http://earlyradiohistory.us/1963hw03.htm〕 In the 1905-1916 period, the Navy continually expanded its radio communication capabilities.〔Howeth, ''op. cit.'', Ch. VI – IX; http://earlyradiohistory.us/1963hw06.htm〕 Stemming from the time when Navy communications were by flag signals and Ardois night-lights, radio equipment was operated by personnel with a Petty officer rating of Quartermaster. The operators were capable of making minor repairs to the equipment, but major maintenance was by persons with an Electrician rating. The Navy had no formal schools in radio communications; personnel attained the necessary knowledge through self-study and on-the-job training (called “striking for rate”〔”Navy Training and Rating,” ''Bluejacket’s Manual'', U.S. Naval Institute〕). With war with Germany approaching, the Navy greatly increased its fleet and had major requirements for radio operators. In 1917, two large schools were opened for Morse-code radio operators: one at Harvard University and the other at Mare Island, California. Within a year, about 5,000 students were attending the 4-month operator courses. Some of these students were also given a brief course on equipment maintenance. During World War I (WWI), the Navy operated the largest radio communication system in the world.〔Howeth, ''op. cit.'', Ch. XXV; http://earlyradiohistory.us/1963hw25.htm〕 In 1921, twenty years after the Navy began using radio communications, the Petty-officer ratings of Radioman and Electrician's Mate were finally adopted.〔“Compilation of Enlisted Ratings and Apprenticeships, U.S. Navy, 1775 to 1969,” Naval History and Heritage Command; http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq78-3.htm#anchora〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Radio Materiel School」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|